Sultanpur National Park
Sultanpur National Park, Gurugram (Ramsar Site)
A Birdwatcher’s Paradise and a Beacon of Wetland Conservation
Overview:
Sultanpur National Park, situated in the Gurugram district of Haryana, is one of India’s most celebrated wetlands and a designated Ramsar Site of International Importance. Spanning 142.25 hectares, this protected area provides a vital refuge for over 250 species of resident and migratory birds, making it a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot.
Location and Accessibility
Located just 15 km from Gurugram city and about 50 km from Delhi, Sultanpur is easily accessible via NH-48 and is a popular eco-tourism destination for nature lovers, birdwatchers, researchers, and school groups from across India.
Ecological Significance
The wetland ecosystem of Sultanpur plays a critical role in the migratory flyway of Central Asia. Seasonal water bodies, grasslands, and scattered tree cover make it an ideal habitat for:
- Winter Migrants: Greater Flamingos, Northern Pintails, Eurasian Wigeons, Common Teals, and Bar-headed Geese.
- Resident Birds: Indian Peafowl, Red-wattled Lapwings, Cattle Egrets, and White-throated Kingfishers.
- Rare/Threatened Species: Sarus Crane, Black-necked Stork, and Indian Courser have been recorded here.
- The wetland also supports amphibians, reptiles, small mammals, and plays a crucial role in groundwater recharge and flood control.
Historical Background
Sultanpur Jheel gained national attention in the late 1960s due to the conservation efforts of ornithologists Peter Michel Jackson and Dr. Salim Ali, who frequently visited the site for birding. Their persistent advocacy led to the area’s formal protection:
- 1971: Declared as Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary under the Punjab Wildlife Preservation Act.
- 1991: Upgraded to National Park under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
- 2021: Recognized as a Ramsar Site for its international ecological value.
Although often referred to as “Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary” by bird enthusiasts, the park officially retains the name of its native village, Sultanpur. Dr. Salim Ali’s contribution is commemorated through a bust and displays within the park.
Visitor Experience
Sultanpur offers a rich and immersive experience for all age groups:
- Well-laid trails and watchtowers for birdwatching
- Electric carts for eco-friendly movement inside the park
- Interpretation centre, birding exhibits, and viewing platforms
- Seasonal birding festivals, nature walks, and student excursions
- Best time to visit: November to February (peak migratory season)
Global Recognition
Sultanpur is Haryana’s first Ramsar-designated wetland, symbolizing India’s commitment to wetland conservation under the Ramsar Convention. It forms part of an important ecological corridor along with nearby Bhindawas and Najafgarh wetlands.