Haryana boasts a uniquely diverse landscape where the Shivalik Hills rise in the north, the fertile Yamuna floodplains stretch across the east, the ancient Aravalli Hills form the southern boundary, and the sand dune systems of the Bagar region span the west. This remarkable mosaic of habitats—dry deciduous and scrub forests, riparian wetlands, semi-arid hill ecosystems, and arid sandy tracts—supports an extraordinary range of wildlife. Studies show that the Aravalli forests near Gurugram and Faridabad host rich mammalian fauna including leopards, jackals, striped hyenas, jungle cats, and nilgai, even within non-protected areas. The Shivalik foothill region, represented prominently by Kalesar National Park, comprises dense Sal forests and serves as a vital corridor for elephants, Tiger (Visitor from Rajaji NP), leopards, sambar deer, barking deer, Spotted Deer, porcupine, wild boars, and Indian pangolins, while also housing over 200 species of birds, including the Crested Serpent Eagle and Grey Hornbill. The Yamuna floodplains, stretching through eastern districts, include important wetlands like Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary, which provide critical habitats for migratory and resident waterbirds such as Bar-headed Geese, Ruddy Shelducks, and Black-necked Storks, aiding in aquifer recharge and maintaining ecosystem functioning. In central and southern Haryana, the Sultanpur National Park and Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary—both recognized as Ramsar sites—offer internationally important bird habitats along the Central Asian Flyway, hosting over 300 avian species annually, including Greater Flamingos, Marsh Harriers, Greater spotted eagle, Mallard, Ferruginous pochard, Tufted duck, Jacanas, and Painted Storks etc. The Bagar sand dunes, covering approximately 11% of the state, support xerophytic vegetation and unique desert-adapted wildlife such as Blackbuck, Indian Gazelle (Chinkara), Desert Fox, and Spiny-tailed Lizards, Monitor lizards. Research also emphasizes the ecological value of the Aravalli hills, which regulate microclimates, act as carbon sinks, and support over 300 native plant species, besides housing reptiles, insect pollinators, and endangered raptor species. With these diverse physiographic zones and protected areas working in synergy, Haryana emerges as a biodiversity-rich state, worthy of conservation priority and capable of sustaining both ecological balance and long-term environmental health.